Su-PAKFA a Russian Stealth Fighter

The Sukhoi PAK FA (or PAK-FA) is a fifth-generation fighter which is being developed by Russia. PAK FAstands for Perspektivnyi Aviatsionnyi Kompleks Frontovoi Aviatsyi (Перспективный авиационный комплекс фронтовой авиации in Russian) which roughly means Advanced Tactical Frontline Fighter. It is being developed by a consortium of companies spearheaded by Sukhoi OKB. Sukhoi's internal project codename is T-50. The PAK FA is intended to replace the MiG-29 Fulcrum and Su-27 Flanker in the Russian Air Force. It is scheduled to have its first flight in 2009 and enter service with the Russian Air Force subsequently. It is designed to be comparable to the American F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II.

The aircraft will feature a long combat radius, supersonic cruise speed, low radar cross section, super maneuverability, and the ability to make short takeoffs and landings. In accordance with the technical requirements, the PAK FA will have a normal takeoff weight of 20 tons, which is close to the average normal takeoff weight of the two American airplanes, the F-35 JSF (17.2 tons) and the F-22 (24 tons). The new fighter (a medium version) will have a traditional wing form, though the experience gathered as a result of Berkut's test flights will be taken in consideration when designing the fighter. It is supposed that it will be created using the Stealth technology, and equipped with two AL-41F engines by the Saturn scientific and industrial enterprise, a radar system with an active phased array (to all appearances, it will be produced by the Fazatron-NIIR corporation), and high-precision weapons.

In early 2002 Sukhoi was chosen as prime contractor for the planned Russian fifth-generation fighter is called the PAK FA [ Perspektivnyi Aviatsionnyi Kompleks Frontovoi Aviatsyi - Future Air Complex for Tactical Air Forces]. This intermediate class twin-engined fighter will be larger than a MiG-29 and smaller than a Su-27. The new fighter is intended to be about the same size as the US F-35 JSF, with a primary air superiority mission and ground attack and reconnaissance being secondary missions.

The aircraft will feature a long combat radius, supersonic cruise speed, low radar cross section, supermaneuverability, and the ability to make short takeoffs and landings. In accordance with the technical requirements, the PAK FA will have a normal takeoff weight of 20 tons, which is close to the average normal takeoff weight of the two American airplanes, the F-35 JSF (17.2 tons) and the F-22 (24 tons). The new fighter (a medium version) will have a traditional wing form, though the experience gathered as a result of Berkut's test flights will be taken in consideration when designing the fighter. It is supposed that it will be created using the Stealth technology, and equipped with two AL-41F engines by the Saturn scientific and industrial enterprise, a radar system with an active phased array (to all appearances, it will be produced by the Fazatron-NIIR corporation), and high-precision weapons.

The government commission decided on 26 April 2002 to choose the Sukhoi holding company as the head company to develop and produce the fighter of the fifth generation. The prototype of the PAK FA would take-off in 2006 and that in 2010 the aircraft would be ready for series production. The first deliveries, both for Russian armed forces and for export, would be possible in 2011-12.

The new airplane is being proposed to be brought from the concept design to a prototype series in less than 9 years. Historically, fourth and fifth generation fighters have not been created in less than 15 years. The Russian government has promised to allocate 1.5 billion dollars for the PAK FA through 2010. But the Russian Air Force is receiving less than 200 million dollars a year during this period, and will spend it primarily on other needs.

The prices and sources of funding will determine the destiny of the whole program. To date officials agree that the program will cost $1.5 billion. However, $1.5 billion is the sum needed for creating a new generation of avionics for the fighter (considering the fact that pre-production models of the phased array have already been produced, and will soon be tested). Completion of the AL-41F engine (present readiness is 30 percent) will require, in the opinion of the boss of Rosaviakosmos, 600 - 800 million dollars. Saturn said that launching of production of the AL-41F engine would take $150 million. An improved version of the AL-31F will be used on the aircraft originally (though it is not clear how these heavy motors are reconciled with the concept of a 20-ton fighter). The upgrade of these engines will require expenditures of 1.2-1.5 billion dollars. And finally, desi gners will have to spend several hundred millions of dollars on creating a new airframe.

State financing will cover not more than 20-22 percent of the cost of the development of the PAK FA. It will thus be nece ssary to draw extra budgetary sources of funding, lending the development program a principle of openness for international cooperation. In the opinion of experts, export income, if it is taken from the plants, can provide not more than 1 billion dollars. It is maintained that the insufficient amounts can be received from foreign partners.

The plane's development will be conducted with a view of achieving a reasonable compromise between its cost and com bat efficiency, and take into account the market demand. exports sales of the new warplane must reach 500 to 600 fighters at a price of $35 to $40 million each to make production of the new aircraft profitable.

According to some reports, India and Russia have agreed to jointly develop this fifth-generation fighter, under a scheduled with entry into service in 2009. This would be the first such joint development venture between the two countries.

There is little chance that Russia will have fifth-generation pursuit planes of its own. Development and constr uction of a fifth-generation fighter would require about $20 billion dollars, and as of early 2004 it was unlikely that the government will appropriate financing of this scale. "The problem is that economic and military authorities in this country live in parallel spaces and have no comm on approach to problems," according to Deputy Director of the analytical department of the Political and Military Analysis Institute Alexander Khramchikhin.


General characteristics
* Crew: 1 (pilot)
* Length: 22.0 m (72 ft 2 in)
* Wingspan: 14.2 m (46 ft 7 in)
* Height: 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 78.8 m² (848 ft²)
* Empty weight: 18,500 kg (40,786 lb)
* Loaded weight: 26,000 kg (57,320 lb)
* Useful load: 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 37,000 kg (81,571 lb)
* Powerplant: 2× Saturn-Lyulka AL-41F turbofan
o Dry thrust: 9,800 kgf (21,605 lbf) each
o Thrust with afterburner: 15,500 kgf (34,172 lbf) each


Performance
* Maximum speed: Mach 2.5 at altitude (2,527 km/h, 1,586 mph)
* g-limits: +10 to +11 g (+98.1 to +107.9 m/s², +321.7 to +353.9 ft/s²)
* Cruise speed: 1,300 km/h (807.8 mph)
* Ferry range: 4,000 to 5,500 km (2,485 to 3,418 mi)
* Service ceiling 20,000 m (65,617 ft)
* Rate of climb: 350 m/s (68,898 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 470 kg/m² (96.3 lb/ft²)
* Thrust/weight: 0.84 (dry thrust)
* Minimum thrust/weight:
o With afterburner: 1.19
* Runway length requirement: 350 m (1,148 ft)
* Endurance: 3.3 hrs (198 mins)


Armament
Guns: 2× 30 mm internal cannon
Hardpoints: 8 total, 4 on each side of the aircraft
Avionics
* Radar:BRLS AFAR/AESA radar

* Frequency: 3 mm (0.118 in)
* Diameter: 0.7 m (2 ft 4 in)
* Targets: 32 tracked, 8 engaged
* Range: 400 km (248 mi)
o EPR: 3 m² (32.3 ft²): 160 km (99.4 mi)
o Azimuth: +/-70°, +90/-50°
* Power: 4,000 W
* Weight: 65 to 80 kg (143 to 176 lb)
Defense Aviation

My first reaction, how did the Russians figure out continuous curve? Where did they get the computers for that.